Who Says Elephants Can’t Fly? Inside IBM’s Historic Turnaround.

Smart machines and cities are one outcome from the rejuvenated IBM. Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance [2002] by Louis V. Gerstner Jr. explains the re-direction of IBM and the evolution of computers from systems that store and retrieve known information to systems that “think” by reviewing the data and reaching conclusions that answer questions with unknown answers. Smart cities using big data have their genesis at IBM. Smart Machines, also by IBMers, extends this idea to cognitive machines, sensors and their role in city planning and urban design.

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